What Is BlueTEC Clean Diesel Technology

BlueTEC is a trademark name used by Mercedes-Benz to describe its diesel engine exhaust treatment system. In order to keep up with the steadily evolving and increasingly demanding emissions laws of North America and Europe, the company has designed and released two versions of this system. Version one was released for the U.S. market in the form of the 2007 E320 BlueTEC sedan and was designed to utilize, the then newly introduced, Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD). As a next step, Mercedes-Benz released the more sophisticated R, ML and GL 320 series BlueTECs with AdBlue injection diesels that meet Americas demanding BIN 5 emissions standards and are on track to qualify for Europes EU6 parameters. BlueTEC and BlueTEC With AdBlue The Mercedes-Benz BlueTEC system begins at the engines combustion chamber with improved fuel burn characteristics that enhance efficiency, as well as minimize unburned fuel particles that would ordinarily have to be treated downstream. The BlueTEC engine architecture is built on CRD technology. While both systems use an oxidation catalyst (OxyCat) and a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to banish unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulates (soot), they differ in how they treat oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Bluetec With Storage-Type Catalytic Reduction This system uses a storage-type NOx catalytic converter to control oxides of nitrogen. With this design, NOx gasses produced under normal operation are trapped and temporarily held in the converter. At prescribed intervals, under the direction of the onboard computer, the fuel system delivers intermittent rich combustion phases. The entrained excess hydrocarbons from this dense mixture recombine with the trapped oxides of nitrogen inside the hot housing and break-up the NOx molecules. The resulting clean nitrogen gasses and water vapor are purged, leaving behind a clean converter with regenerated catalysts that are ready to accept the next wave of nitrogen oxides. Bluetec With AdBlue Injection Mercedes-Benz designed this process for their larger and heavier line of SUVs and their R-series crossover, following the logic that these vehicles already have a higher rate of fuel consumption and that they would be more economical using a system that does not rely on frequent fuel-consuming rich mixture events for NOx abatement. While the storage-type system does allow Mercedes to use a more-or-less out-of-the-box CRD engine, this Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) arrangement did require some changes to the engine design. Among those modifications: revised piston crowns for better fuel distribution and atomization, slightly reduced compression ratio and a more adaptive Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) to a give smoother and flatter torque curve. Whereas the storage device uses excess shots of rich fuel mixture to burn-off accumulated nitrogen oxides, this injection process relies on chemical conversion via a reaction between the AdBlue urea solution and the accumulated NOx molecules within the SCR converter. When AdBlue is injected into the hot exhaust steam, it is reduced to water and urea. At a temperature of about 400 degrees Fahrenheit (170 Celsius), the urea reforms into ammonia (NH3) which then reacts with NOx gasses in the converter to produce benign nitrogen gas and water vapor. AdBlue Injection It’s really a question of economics and practicality. Which of the two systems is applied to any particular vehicle depends primarily on the vehicles intended use: Heavy, high fuel consumption SUVs that spend a good deal of time under load are best served by AdBlue injection. On the other hand, smaller fuel-efficient passenger cars that are, by and large, passenger moving cruisers, make optimal use of the NOx storage converter. Either way, the result with the Mercedes-Benz BlueTEC system is a considerable reduction in soot and pollutants.

How Analytics Helps An Organization Optimize Their...

Introduction Analytics is defined, according to online-behavior.com, as the â€Å"process of obtaining an optimal or realistic decision based on existing data.† [1]. Davenport and Harris (2007), defined analytics, as the â€Å"extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions and actions.† [2]. An article titled Outsmart the Competition by Jackie Zack in Teradata Online magazine states that â€Å"analytics can help an organization optimize their business processes to make them effective as possible.† [3]. It is a proven fact that proper use of analytics can lead an organizations to success, providing them with that distinctive advantage over their competitors. In†¦show more content†¦In Jamaica, its headquarters, Digicel controls 70 percent of the mobile phone market and hopes to actively dominate the cable TV and internet broad band market. The secret behind Digicel’s success is that it has a devoted business intelligence and analytics group and a marketing department responsible for analyzing critical consumer data gathered from market surveys and market research. Digicel’s success can be attributed to the fact that the company is able to determine customers touch points by knowing exactly what customers want or desire from a mobile phone provider. The use of analytic tools have helped Digicel achieve this position, which is having the ability to predict and know what customers want and anticipate their next purchase moves. For example, Digicel has just branched into the cable TV and internet broad band market. The reason for this diversification is as a result of extensive market analysis of the cable TV and internet broad band market which currently has only one major player (Flow Cable Company) with a poor customer satisfaction rate. Digicel was able to capitalize on this opportunity because of the data gathered from customers that sho wed that they desired better cable and internet broad band service. The company has applied the use of analytics and quantitative approaches in areas such as primary consumer surveys, concept development testing, advertising testing,

Geopolitics and Geostrategic Implications on Power Shift

Question: Describe about the Geopolitics And Geostrategic Implications On Power Shift. Answer: Geopolitics and Geostrategic Implications on Power Shift The concept of geopolitics aligns with the geopolitical theory established by Karl Haushofer which presented the idea that nations require expansion to fulfill their destiny or objectives. In this, the theory postulated that the future growth of different countries lies in their ability to expand both in power and resources. The concept has been applied by various countries after the WW II through the invasion of new territories beyond their geographical imperatives such as Germany. Countries such as the US has also acquired immense power by recognizing the importance of different resources such as oil to modern economies promoting their current superpower position. Some of the countries expansion strategies have been established in the content of geostrategic thoughts and practices to enhance the continued power of the countries. The United States has a for a long time dominated the world in various aspects such as the economy, power involving air and sea. However, the current trend s demonstrate the rise of China and India as the great powers both on sea and air posing a threat to the continued progress of the superpowers. Geopolitical theories can further be applied to understand the global shift of power to China and India which has significant geostrategic implications. Geopolitical Theories According to Fettweis, traditionally, geopolitics is described as the study of "the influence of geographical factors on political action[1]." However, the definition has evolved over the years and also tends to be synonymous with regional problem or resources such as oil and energy thus influencing other countries actions. Different theorists such as Colin Gray, Mahan and Mackinder place geography in the center of international relations to decipher the key external aspects that drive a countries actions[2]. Geopolitics approaches have for a long time been used to describe and establish issues associated with geopolitical idea across a wide range of cultural objects. Additionally, the methods have also been applied to describe country formations with geographical connotations and conceptual agendas such as power. According to Fettweis, Mackinder's "Heartland Theory" is one of the key geopolitical theories that promotes understanding of the continued world dominance[3]. Mackinder's t heory examined the advantages of central positioning on Eurasians landmass which also shapes understanding of the US containment policy during the cold war[4]. According to the theory, countries scrambled for what they considered as key to their continued dominance or power thus shaping the international system. Mackinder's theory is still central to different policies established by countries such as China, India, and the US regarding their foreign interests[5]. Halford Mackinder's Heartland theory viewed the world conflicts as involving constant conflict between land and sea powers in attempts to increase the countries advantage over their regional adversaries[6]. According to Mackinder, countries who ruled the heartland would have the higher possibility of commanding the entire world since they had the ability to project power anywhere faster than the sea forces[7]. The theory can; therefore, be applied to understand how countries have expanded externally in the bid to ensure the balance of power works in their favor promoting the idea the power politics marks the current competition over territories and control. Geopolitics theorists consider geopolitics as a strategy and a realist approach to international relations in which countries have drawn in constructing their continued power and progress. The second theory applicable in understanding geopolitics includes Mahan's theory which was based on focusing on commerce to promote the American economic vitality through control of the critical geographical node[8]. Mahan's theory supported the idea that overseas bases were essential in supporting trade and also posited the need to command the sea and air to enhance the expansion. The approach also inspired the U.S dominance and expansion into Asia in the 1890s. Mahan's theory postulated that the control of key points on the map was indispensable to sea power providing an understanding of different countries undertaking such as China and India. Like Mackinder's arguments, the implications of Mahan's ideas has been far reaching enabling countries to establish strategic positions to enhance their power or dominance on Eurasian landmass, sea, and air[9]. The theory of Mahan identified sea power as the key to national power and prosperity as well as international expansion. According t o the theory, Mahan had the premise that the countries control over key trading routes that involved oceans was a fundamental factor in any country's power or achievement of greatness[10]. Mahan provided the idea that sea power was essential to international power, a view that has significantly influenced states towards establishing foreign policies and strategies to enhance their sea power. The U.S exhibits key aspects provided by Mahan's theory due to their desire to improve their sea power and maintain the superpower position. Mahan's views on sea power have inspired the rise in maritime and air power in China and India representing a global shift in the authority from the US and the Soviet Union initially described as the only superpowers. Countries such as China are aligning their foreign policies and naval strategies towards achieving influence and prosperity in the sea and air, an essential aspect identified by Mahan's theory. In similar views with Mackinder's focus on the heartland, the ideas continue to influence policymakers across the global particularly China and India due to their desire to control the world. Fettweis notes that the implications of the theories have been far reaching as countries seek control of vital interest to reduce the chances of any power or country dominating them[11]. Karl Haushofer theory is also listed among the geopolitical theories that had a profound impact on foreign policy Hitler's foreign policy. Haushofer's theory echoes Mackinder's theory of the heartland. It provided the notion that countries required more expansion to enhance their power and future growth. The method assumes that geopolitical changes involve significant challenges as countries do not automatically adjust to geopolitical changes. Haushofer provided the example of Germans rise to power as well as the competition between the US and the Soviet Union as each control sought to expand their size as well as strength[12]. Theorists such as Mahan and Mackinder are key proponents of geopolitics and advocates for sea power as the aspect which promotes the countries national power and prosperity. For example, Mahan's ideas have influenced China's continued progress in air and sea power due to the belief that the air and sea are keys to the international power as well as prosperity. Similarly, India has also progressed based on the influence of Mahan's ideas to expand their sea power as well as exert influence over the world. In his views, Mahan pointed out that attaining sea superiority depended on the geographical position of the country, the extent of the territory, population size, physical power as well as the national character. The aspect has significantly shaped the policies and strategies established by China and India to expand their global power. Not only are the theories effective in influencing geopolitics sea power but have also inspired air power through improved militaries based on dominant maritime forces. Today, India and China are ranked among the most progressed regarding naval and air power based on their military might[13]. Other air and power theorists such as Giulio Douhet have exerted significant influence in the countries development in both maritime and air power as well as their desire to control or be powerful compared to other nations. Douhet's theories shaped both American and British air power demonstrating the influence of the principles of national policies, military strategy and geopolitics. In his book, The Command of the Air, Douhet described the vision of air power as a critical and decisive aspect in warfare[14]. In this regard, Douhet has always argued for the air and sea power as the key to geopolitics. During the second world war, the US and British adopted the approach increasing mass-bombings, reducing other countries capabilities and ability to produce weapons. As such, the US has remained in the top position due to applying both the air and sea power approaches as influenced by the theories identified above[15]. Geostrategic Implication of Global Shift of power to China and India The sustained international supremacy of the US has created the rise of different states in the bid to end the power by expanding their economies and international order. For a long time, no nation or state has been able to match the dimensions of authority held by the US such as military, technological, economy and cultural. Hence, the US has held the top position in global leadership. However, with the rise of geopolitics ideas the supremacy of the US stands at risks as countries establish geostrategic position aimed at shifting the long held power from the US. In this regard, geopolitics theories have played a key role in shaping the national policies, desires, and strategies of China and India through improving their sea and air power to achieve the top position. This represents a shift of power from the US to the rising nations and serves as a critical threat to the continued progress and supremacy of the US. In his article, Mark, identified space or air power as critical to rea lizing the leadership and military power of the US[16]. In this regard, the country has for a long time invested in expanding their space power as a strategic aspect to demonstrate the military capability. Lambeth also agrees with the idea of air and space power as the key elements that characterized the US[17]. Air and space power was considered critical in deterring nuclear weapons, supporting the ground operations as well as produce strategic results independently of the land forces during the war. The air force deemed U.S as influential in both tactical and policy aspects are enhancing its ability to advance its expansion objectives further. However, Dolman, asserts that rise of geopolitics and its reach in the realms of power have influenced countries towards establishing critical strategies to achieve geographical positioning necessary to exert control over the world[18]. "Geostrategic" represents one key focus by countries such as China and India that involves the strategic application of new and emerging technologies of positional knowledge, topographic and geographic knowledge. Geostrategic; therefore, has influenced the rise in air and sea power of the two countries beyond positions of the US representing a sudden shift in the authority (Holmes Yoshihara, 2005). However, much of the strategies taken by the two countries have been shaped by ideas from geopolitics such as Mahan argument on air and seas power as the key to creating necessary power. In this regard, China and India continue to scramble for resources to build its sea and air power against the US as seen in its naval progress. One of the geopolitical ide as that shapes China's strategies includes Mahan argument that "One can only guarantee smooth sea traffic and eventually gain seas domination by annihilating the enemy[19]." The case presents Mahan doctrine interpreted by India and China in similar versions that the "the one who controls the seas controls the world[20]." Likewise, India has joined China in breaking the long-standing supremacy of the western powers through improved sea and air for Mahanian offensive sea control. As China and India focus their resources on building their navy and sea power as well as seeking bases to protect trade and their projects, the US interest and power continue to drift towards the East. Both China and India agree with the geopolitics theorists that naval power is critical to their national greatness and prosperity. As such the US can only seek more alliance or invest more in ensuring the realization of their national interests and reduce power shift in the sea and air to maintain the superpower position. References Bassin, Mark." Civilizations and their Discontents: Political Geography and Geopolitics in the Huntington Thesis." Geopolitics, 12 (2007).351-374 Brzezinski, Zbigniew." The Grand Chessboard: US Geostrategy for Eurasia. Harvard International Review, 20:1 (1998).pg 48 Desch, Michael. " The Keys that Lock Up the World: Identifying American Interests in the Periphery." International Security, 14:1 (1989).pp.86-121 Dolman, Everett. "Geostrategy in the space age: An astropolitical analysis. Journal of Strategic Studies, 22:2-3 (1999), 83-1006. Dodds, Klaus Sidaway, James." Halford Mackinder and the 'geographical pivot of history': a centennial retrospective. The Geographical Journal, 170 (2004).pg 292 Fettweis, Christopher, J." Sir Halford Mackinder, geopolitics, and policymaking in the 21st century. Parameters; Summer, 30:2 (2000).pg 58 Grygiel, Jakub." The dilemmas of US Maritime Supremacy in the early cold war." Journal of Strategic Studies, 28:2(2005).pp 187-216 Harter, Mark." Ten propositions regarding space power: The dawn of a space force. Air Space Power Journal, 20:2 (2006). Holmes, James R. Yoshihara, Toshi. "The Influence of Mahan upon China's Maritime Strategy," Comparative Strategy, 24:1 (2005) 23-51, DOI: 10.1080/01495930590929663. Johnson, Robert. " Exaggerating America's Stakes in Third World Conflicts." International Security, 10:3 (1986). Kearns, Gerry. "Naturalising Empire: Echoes of Mackinder for the Next American Century." Geopolitics, 11(2006):74-98. Lambeth, Benjamin."Air power, space power and geography. Journal of Strategic Studies, 22: 3 (1999).63-82. Megoran, Nick." Revisiting the 'Pivot': The Influence of Halford Mackinder on Analysis of Uzbekistan's International Relations." The Geographical Journal, 170:4 (2004). Sage, Daniel."Framing Space: A popular Geopolitics of American Manifest Destiny in Outer Space." Geopolitics, 13 (2008).27-53. [1] Christopher, Fettweis, J." Sir Halford Mackinder, geopolitics, and policymaking in the 21st century. Parameters; Summer, 30:2 (2000).pg 58 [2] James, Holmes R. Toshi, Yoshihara. "The Influence of Mahan upon China's Maritime Strategy," Comparative Strategy, 24:1 (2005) 23-51, DOI: 10.1080/01495930590929663. [3] Christopher, Fettweis, J." Sir Halford Mackinder, geopolitics, and policymaking in the 21st century. Parameters; Summer, 30:2 (2000).pg 58 [4] Klaus, Dodds, , James, Sidaway." Halford Mackinder and the 'geographical pivot of history': a centennial retrospective. The Geographical Journal, 170 (2004).pg 292 [5]Nick, Megoran." Revisiting the 'Pivot': The Influence of Halford Mackinder on Analysis of Uzbekistan's International Relations." The Geographical Journal, 170:4 (2004). [6] Gerry, Kearns,. "Naturalising Empire: Echoes of Mackinder for the Next American Century." Geopolitics, 11(2006):74-98. [7] Klaus, Dodds, , James, Sidaway." Halford Mackinder and the 'geographical pivot of history': a centennial retrospective. The Geographical Journal, 170 (2004).pg 292 [8] Mark, Bassin,." Civilizations and their Discontents: Political Geography and Geopolitics in the Huntington Thesis." Geopolitics, 12 (2007).351-374 [9] Klaus, Dodds, , James, Sidaway." Halford Mackinder and the 'geographical pivot of history': a centennial retrospective. The Geographical Journal, 170 (2004).pg 292 [10] Gerry, Kearns,. "Naturalising Empire: Echoes of Mackinder for the Next American Century." Geopolitics, 11(2006):74-98. [11] Christopher, Fettweis, J." Sir Halford Mackinder, geopolitics, and policymaking in the 21st century. Parameters; Summer, 30:2 (2000).pg 58 [12] Everett, Dolman,. "Geostrategy in the space age: An astropolitical analysis. Journal of Strategic Studies, 22:2-3 (1999), 83-1006. [13] Benjamin, Lambeth,."Air power, space power and geography. Journal of Strategic Studies, 22: 3 (1999).63-82. [14] Mark, Harter,." Ten propositions regarding space power: The dawn of a space force. Air Space Power Journal, 20:2 (2006). [15] Jakub Grygiel,." The dilemmas of US Maritime Supremacy in the early cold war." Journal of Strategic Studies, 28:2(2005).pp 187-216 [16] Mark, Harter,." Ten propositions regarding space power: The dawn of a space force. Air Space Power Journal, 20:2 (2006). [17] Benjamin, Lambeth,."Air power, space power and geography. Journal of Strategic Studies, 22: 3 (1999).63-82. [18] Everett, Dolman,. "Geostrategy in the space age: An astropolitical analysis. Journal of Strategic Studies, 22:2-3 (1999), 83-1006 [19] Michael, Desch,. " The Keys that Lock Up the World: Identifying American Interests in the Periphery." International Security, 14:1 (1989).pp.86-121 [20] James, Holmes R. Toshi, Yoshihara. "The Influence of Mahan upon China's Maritime Strategy," Comparative Strategy, 24:1 (2005) 23-51, DOI: 10.1080/01495930590929663

Business Academic Skills Essay Example

Business Academic Skills Essay Learning Outcomes: * Identify the referencing format for various genres of literature. * Compile a reference list for various genres of literature. * Summarise relevant data in a resource. * Identify and record the usefulness of resources for a given assessment task. Rationale: * Acknowledging sources is an important part of good written communication skills. At university, students who do not cite in-text or include the full bibliographical details will be investigated for academic misconduct.At work, employers are increasingly requiring staff to acknowledge resources so that they can refer to the original source and meet accreditation requirements for professional bodies. * Summarising data is another key element of good written communication skills. At university, students are required to summarise literature and case studies. At work, employers want employees to summarise documents and include executive summaries in reports. * Once students are able to identify what a resource is about they are then able to critically evaluate the more detailed information contained within.Required Reading: * Textbook, Chapter 6 Harvard documentation * Textbook, Chapter 7 Evaluating and paraphrasing resources - 1. Workshop Discussion 1: Annotated Reference Lists2 a. Annotated reference lists b. Referencing c. Summaries d. Brief annotations 2. Workshop Activity 1: Annotated Reference List11 a. Create an annotated reference list b. Mark the annotated reference list Workshop Discussion 1: Annotated Reference Lists Annotated reference listsAs with a normal reference list or bibliography, an annotated reference list is usually arranged alphabetically according to the author’s last name, however, the reference list for the Researching assessment task is organised by genre and the annotation should be about 60 words per citation. Each entry begins with the bibliographic details of the resource (the citation), followed by a brief annotation summarising the appropriate conten t and identifying relevant information, data and arguments and stating how it will be used to address the assessment question.Referencing Referencing within the context of academic writing performs two distinct purposes. Firstly, it provides an acknowledgement (the combination of an in-text citation within the body of the essay or report and an entry in the ‘References’ section of the essay or report) that the information source or work was used by the writer in creating their own piece of academic writing or work. Secondly, it allows another person who is reading this writer’s work to easily find this particular information source.With regard to the second purpose, although the formats of references change for different information sources, there are usually common features as well, such as: Author(s) surname(s) and initials Year that the work was published The title of the work The publisher or title of the publication These common features can be identified in the book example shown below: Title of book in minimal capitalisation Title of book in minimal capitalisation Place (city) of publication Place (city) of publication Year of publication Year of publication Publisher PublisherAuthors’ surnames and initials Authors’ surnames and initials Shearman, D amp; Sauer-Thompson, G 1997, Green or gone, Wakefield Press, Kent Town. Full stop at the end Full stop at the end Ampersand Ampersand Italics for book title Italics for book title Comma between elements except author and date Comma between elements except author and date These common features can also be identified in the journal article example shown below: Article title in minimal capitalisation and in single quotation marks Article title in minimal capitalisation and in single quotation marksYear of publication Year of publication Journal title in maximal capitalisation and italics Journal title in maximal capitalisation and italics Author’s surname and initials Au thor’s surname and initials Karlsson, AM 2009, ‘Positioned by reading and writing: literacy practices, roles, and genres in common occupations’, Written Communication, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 53-76, viewed 15 February 2011, SAGE Premier database, DOI 10. 1177/0741088308327445. Database OR database and DOI OR the url only Database OR database and DOI OR the url only Page numbers Page numbersVolume and issue number in lower case Volume and issue number in lower case Date you viewed the internet site Date you viewed the internet site Note: Comma between all the elements except the author and date and a full stop at the end. Note: Comma between all the elements except the author and date and a full stop at the end. Again, these common features can also be identified in the example of a chapter in an edited book shown below: Chapter title in minimal capitalisation and in single quotation marks Chapter title in minimal capitalisation and in single quotation marksYear of pu blication Year of publication Authors’ surname and initials Authors’ surname and initials Editor’s initial and surname followed by (ed. ) Editor’s initial and surname followed by (ed. ) Edition Edition Stanwick, P amp; Stanwick, S 2011, ‘The foundation of ethical thought’, in N Campbell (ed. ) Business academic skills, 4th edn, Pearson Australia, Sydney. Book title in minimal capitalisation and italics Book title in minimal capitalisation and italics Publisher Publisher Note: Comma between all the elements except the author and date and a full stop at the end.Note: Comma between all the elements except the author and date and a full stop at the end. Place (city) of publication Place (city) of publication References must be listed alphabetically by the first author’s surname under the Harvard UWS system of referencing. The reference list should not use numbers, letters or bullet points at the beginning of each entry. Summaries A summary is a short and concise representation of main points, ideas, concepts, facts or statements. When summarising you should not alter the authors original idea(s) or the degree of certainty with which the ideas are expressed.To write a good summary, you should read the text a number of times to develop a clear understanding of the authors ideas and intentions, the meaning and details and the force with which the ideas are expressed. To write a summary: 1. Write notes in point form using specialised words as this will make it easier to express the ideas in your own words. Specialised words is what the text is actually about and need to be included in your summary, as without these words, the meaning of the summary will change completely. 2.Write the summary directly from your notes without re-reading the passage. 3. Refer back to the original source to ensure that your summary is a true reflection of the writers ideas. When summarising a chapter or article, the introduction and conclusi on should provide a good overview of the content as well as the topic sentences which provide a quick outline of the main idea(s) presented in each paragraph. Brief annotations When writing a brief summary for an annotation, only the information relevant to the topic or assessment task should be included.That is, if the assessment task limits your investigation to the past ten years but your article covers a 50 year span, then your summary should focus on the past ten years. Identifying specific information relevant to the assessment task is also important. Therefore, refer back to your question analysis and mind map to create links between the summary information and how the data will be used to address the assessment. Note:Do not forget to record the bibliographical details (reference) and page number(s) so that you can refer back to the information at a later date. Example Annotated Reference ListJustify the importance of written communication skills in academia and employment in the twenty-first century. Genre – Wiki entry: never use in academia. Not assessed. Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, no. 69 for correct Wiki reference and nos. 61-80 for correct internet references. Genre – Wiki entry: never use in academia. Not assessed. Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, no. 69 for correct Wiki reference and nos. 61-80 for correct internet references. POOR EXAMPLE: This response has a plagiarised statement and would go through the academic misconduct process.If it had not been plagiarised it would have received a total mark of 12. 5/40 or 31%. Reference 1: Internet (Non-scholarly)| 1. Wikipedia 2011, ‘Literacy’, viewed 16 February 2011, ;lt;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Literacy;gt;. | Not assessed Not assessed Annotation 1: Summary| Gives a definition of literary. | Not assessed Not assessed Annotation 1: Use| | Genre – newspaper article Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6 nos. 46-51 for correct new spaper references. Genre – newspaper article Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6 nos. 46-51 for correct newspaper references. Reference 2: Newspaper Article (Non-scholarly)| . M Davis 1993, ‘Literacy survey links reading, employment’, Dayton Daily News, Factiva database, viewed 15 February 2011. | Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary and relevant Annotation 2: Summary| It talks about how much money you will get paid if you have good literacy skills. | Blank Blank Annotation 2: Use| | Genre – industry magazine Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, nos. 32-39 for correct magazine references. Genre – industry magazine Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, nos. 32-39 for correct magazine references. Reference 3: Trade / Industry Magazine (Non-scholarly)| 3.Klie, S (2006) Canadian HR Reporter, 6 November, pp. 1 ;amp; 5, viewed 14 February 2011, ABI/Inform database. | Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary and relev ant Annotation 3: Summary| This non-scholarly trade journal article talks about a survey done with 431 HR people. | Does not demonstrate how it will be used Does not demonstrate how it will be used Annotation 3: Use| Grammar and spelling is important for written communication skills. | Genre – book? Not enough info to determine if it is an industry website. Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. no. 23 for correct book reference and no. 0 for correct edited book reference. Genre – book? Not enough info to determine if it is an industry website. Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. no. 23 for correct book reference and no. 30 for correct edited book reference. Reference 4: Industry / Government Website (Scholarly)| 4. Browne, Ann. 2007 Teaching and learning communication, language and literacy| Not assessed Not assessed Annotation 4: Summary| Talks about how to develop literacy skills. | Not assessed Not assessed Annotation 4: Use| | Genre – journal artic le not a university or research centre. Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, nos. 1, 62 ;amp; 67 for correct online document entry and nos. 32-39 for correct journal entries. Genre – journal article not a university or research centre. Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, nos. 61, 62 ;amp; 67 for correct online document entry and nos. 32-39 for correct journal entries. Reference 5: University / Research Centre (Scholarly)| 5. Karlsson, AM 2009, ‘Positioned by reading and writing: literacy practices, roles, and genres in common occupations’, Written Communication, (26)1, 53-76,| Annotation 5: Summary| Plagiarised from abstract (academic misconduct) Plagiarised from abstract (academic misconduct)This scholarly site examines the role played by reading and writing in common non-academic occupations in Sweden and shows how written communication is important in any job not just hose that require a uni degree| Not assessed Not assessed Annotation 5: Use| The sales assesitant needs good written comuunication skills to do her job. | Genre – journal article not a scholarly magazine Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, no. 65 for correct magazine entry and nos. 32-39 for correct journal references. Genre – journal article not a scholarly magazine Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, no. 5 for correct magazine entry and nos. 32-39 for correct journal references. Reference 6: Scholarly Magazine (Quasi-scholarly)| 6. Wardrope WJ 2002, Business Communications Quarterly, volume. 65, number. 4, pp. 60-72, viewed 15 February 2011, Academic OneFile database. | Annotation 6: Summary| Not assessed Not assessed This article investigated the importance of business communication skills in the academic setting. | Not assessed Not assessed Annotation 6: Use| The assessment task examples will be used. | Genre – book? Not enough info to determine if it’s an edited book or not. Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. , no. 23 for correct book reference and no. 30 for correct edited book reference. Genre – book? Not enough info to determine if it’s an edited book or not. Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap. 6, no. 23 for correct book reference and no. 30 for correct edited book reference. Reference 7: Chapter in an Edited Book (Scholarly)| 7. KJ HARTY 2008, Strategies for business and technical writing, 6th ed. | Annotation 7: Summary| Blank Blank | Blank Blank Annotation 7: Use| | Genre – journal article Poor Harvard UWS style – see Chap 6, nos. 32-39 for correct journal article entries. Genre – journal articlePoor Harvard UWS style – see Chap 6, nos. 32-39 for correct journal article entries. Reference 8: Journal Article (Scholarly)| 8. Ugbah, Steve D. Evuleocha, Stevina U. 1992. Journal of Employment Counseling, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 128-37,| Poor summary and not relevant Poor summary and not relevant Annotation 8: Summary| Interviewers wa nt applicants to be resourceful and have written credentials. | Not specific enough and does not demonstrate how it will be used. Not specific enough and does not demonstrate how it will be used. Annotation 8: Use| The example of the hiring process willbe used. The reference list is not in a single format, most are in an unknown referencing style with the required bibliographic details missing. The list is also numbered. The reference list is not in a single format, most are in an unknown referencing style with the required bibliographic details missing. The list is also numbered. GOOD EXAMPLE: This reference list would obtain a total mark of 24/40 or 60% Reference 1: Internet (Non-scholarly)| Genre – online video Harvard UWS style – missing title and viewed date. Genre – online video Harvard UWS style – missing title and viewed date.Wagner, T 2009, ‘m 7 Skills students need for their future’, video, 10 October, ;lt;http://www. youtube. com/w atch? v=NS2PqTTxFFc;amp;feature=related;gt;. | Annotation 1: Summary| Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary and relevant This video looked at oral and written communication as vital for a student’s to get a good job. | Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use Annotation 1: Use| The information on why good written communication skills leading to better jobs and higher wages will be used to support my argument. | Genre – newspaper articleHarvard UWS style – missing day and month of publication; database and viewed date in the wrong order. Genre – newspaper article Harvard UWS style – missing day and month of publication; database and viewed date in the wrong order. Reference 2: Newspaper Article (Non-scholarly)| Davis, M 1993, ‘Literacy survey links reading, employment’, Dayton Daily News, Factiva database, viewed 15 February 2011. | Annotation 2: Summary| Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary a nd relevant The information on getting money and better jobs, if you have really good literacy skills will be used. Annotation 2: Use| Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use The information on getting money and better jobs, if you have really good literacy skills will be used to support my argument. | Reference 3: Trade Journal / Industry Magazine (Non-scholarly)| Genre – industry journal Harvard UWS style – article title missing Genre – industry journal Harvard UWS style – article title missing Klie, S 2006, Canadian HR Reporter, 6 November, pp. 1 ;amp; 5, viewed 14 February 2011, ABI/Inform database. | Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary and relevant Annotation 3: Summary|This non-scholarly trade journal article talks about a survey done with 431 HR people. | Poor use – put in summary Poor use – put in summary Annotation 3: Use| The HR managers think that grammar and spelling should be emphasised in sc hools. | Reference 4: Industry / Government Website (Scholarly)| Genre – database not government website. Adequate Harvard UWS style Genre – database not government website. Adequate Harvard UWS style Carnevale, AP, Gainer, LJ ;amp; Meltzer, AS 1988, ‘Workplace Basics: The Skills Employers Want’, American Society for Training ;amp; Development and U. S.Department of Labor Employment ;amp; Training Administration, viewed 15 February 2011, ;lt;http://www. eric. ed. gov/PDFS/ED299462. pdf;gt;. | Annotation 4: Summary| Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary and relevant This scholarly government report examined from the employer’s perspective the necessary workplace skills that employees needed to succeed. | Annotation 4: Use| Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use The data on written communication leading to job placement and individual progression/advancement in employment will be used to support the question. |Refer ence 5: University / Research Centre (Scholarly)| Genre – university or research centre Poor Harvard UWS style Genre – university or research centre Poor Harvard UWS style Vic Careers 2006, Employment Skills Survey December 2006, Career Development and Employment Student Services Group, Victoria University of Wellington, viewed 15 February 2011, ;lt;http://www. victoria. ac. nz/st_services/careers/resources/employment_skills_2006. pdf| Annotation 5: Summary| Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary and relevant This scholarly report published the result of a survey done on 346 employers who recruit university graduates. Annotation 5: Use| Identifies specific data but not use Identifies specific data but not use The survey revealed that communication skills occupied the 2nd and 3rd most important skills required for employment. | Genre – scholarly magazine Harvard UWS style magazine title not italicised Genre – scholarly magazine Harvard UWS style magazine title not italicised Reference 6: Scholarly Magazine (Quasi-scholarly)| Shulman, J 2005 ‘Revaluing Writing’, Harvard Business Review, ;lt;http://hbr. org/2005/12/revaluing-writing/ar/1;gt;. | Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary and relevantAnnotation 6: Summary| This article talks about how important writers are in product development. | Blank Blank Annotation 6: Use| | Genre – book? Not enough info to determine if it’s an edited book or not. Poor Harvard UWS style. Genre – book? Not enough info to determine if it’s an edited book or not. Poor Harvard UWS style. Reference 7: Chapter in an Edited Book (Scholarly)| Harty, KJ 2008, Strategies for business and technical writing, 6th ed. | Annotation 7: Summary| This book teaches you how to write resumes, letters, memos, e-mail, reports, and proposals. Not assessed Not assessed |Annotation 7: Use| Not assessed Not assessed These skills are important because you need to write a resume to get a job and then whne you are working you need to write reports and proposals| Reference 8: Journal Article (Scholarly)| Genre – journal article Harvard UWS style – missing viewed date. Genre – journal article Harvard UWS style – missing viewed date. Ugbah, Steve D. Evuleocha, Stevina U. 1992, ‘The importance of written, verbal, and nonverbal communication factors in employment interview decisions’, Journal of Employment Counseling, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 128-37, ;lt;http://eric. ed. ov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini. jsp? _nfpb=true;amp;_;amp;ERICExtSearchSearchValue_0=EJ451145;amp;ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no;amp;accno=EJ451145;gt;. | Annotation 8: Summary| Adequate summary Adequate summary This article talks about what factors influence interviewers. | Annotation 8: Use| Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use The information on resourcefulness, written credentials, support for arguments, social attribu tes, comportment, and style will be used to support the question. | EXCELLENT EXAMPLE: This reference list would obtain a total mark of 34. /40 or 86% Reference 1: Internet (Non-scholarly)| Genre – online video Excellent Harvard UWS style Genre – online video Excellent Harvard UWS style Wagner, T 2009, ‘7 Skills students need for their future’, video, YouTube, 10 October, viewed 16 February 2011, ;lt;http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=NS2PqTTxFFc;amp;feature=related;gt;. | Annotation 1: Summary| Good summary and relevant Good summary and relevant This online lecture from the co-director of Harvards Change Leadership Group identifies effective oral and written communication as vital for a student’s future in employment. Annotation 1: Use| Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use Statistics on employment levels could be used as supporting data to show that higher written communication skills equate to higher levels of employmen t and higher wages. | Reference 2: Newspaper Article (Non-scholarly)| Genre – newspaper article Excellent Harvard UWS style Genre – newspaper article Excellent Harvard UWS style Davis, M 1993, ‘Literacy survey links reading, employment’, Dayton Daily News, 11 September, viewed 15 February 2011, Factiva database. | Annotation 2: Summary| Good summary and relevantGood summary and relevant This non-scholarly newspaper article discusses the results of the National Adult Literacy Survey done in the United States. | Annotation 2: Use| Identifies specific data and use; statement is awkward. Identifies specific data and use; statement is awkward. The correlation data regarding higher writing skills and higher levels of employment, more weeks worked and higher wages highlights the significance of written communication in employment. | Genre – industry journal Very good Harvard UWS style only the database OR the url is need NOT both Genre – industry j ournalVery good Harvard UWS style only the database OR the url is need NOT both Reference 3: Trade Journal / Industry Magazine (Non-scholarly)| Klie, S 2006, ‘Good tech skills, poor talk skills’, Canadian HR Reporter, 6 November, pp. 1 amp; 5, viewed 14 February 2011, ABI/Inform database, lt;http://search. proquest. com/docview/220770420? accountid=36155gt;. | Annotation 3: Summary| Adequate summary and relevant; awkward statement. Adequate summary and relevant; awkward statement. This non-scholarly trade journal article highlights the findings of a survey of 431 HR practitioners with regard to skills that applicants need to be hired. Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use Annotation 3: Use| The data on English writing skills including grammar and spelling highlights the need for more literacy programs in academia. | Reference 4: Industry / Government Website (Scholarly)| Genre – government website Excellent Harvard UWS style Genre â⠂¬â€œ government website Excellent Harvard UWS style Amodea, A, Jin, Y, amp; Kling, J 2009, Gaining the skills of employment literacy of female public assistance recipients, viewed 15 February 2011, lt;http://wdr. doleta. ov/research/FullText_Documents/Gaining_the_Skills_for_Employment_The_Literacy_of_Female_Public_Assistance_Recipients. pdf. gt;| Annotation 4: Summary| Adequate summary Adequate summary This government report looked at literacy skills and job opportunities in women getting government assistance to improve their literacy. | Adequate data and use Poor explanation of gov’t literacy programs used to increase employment opportunities. Adequate data and use Poor explanation of gov’t literacy programs used to increase employment opportunities. Annotation 4: Use|The information on poor literacy skills leading to getting government assistance show how important written communication is for getting a job. | Reference 5: University / Research Centre (Scholarly)| Genre – university Excellent Harvard UWS style Genre – university Excellent Harvard UWS style Vic Careers 2006, Employment Skills Survey December 2006, Career Development and Employment Student Services Group, Victoria University of Wellington, viewed 15 February 2011, lt;http://www. victoria. ac. nz/st_services/careers/resources/employment_skills_2006. pdf| Annotation 5: Summary| Good summary and relevant Good summary and relevantThis report surveyed 346 employers who recruit university graduates and showed that communication skills are the 2nd and 3rd most important skills needed to get a job. | Annotation 5: Use| Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use The findings regarding analytical skill needed in written communication supports the argument for theses skills in academia and employment. | Genre – scholarly magazine Excellent Harvard UWS style Genre – scholarly magazine Excellent Harvard UWS style Reference 6: Scholarly Maga zine (Quasi-scholarly)| Shulman, J 2005 ‘Revaluing writing’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 83, no. 2, viewed 15 February 2011, lt;http://hbr. org/2005/12/revaluing-writing/ar/1gt;. | Annotation 6: Summary| Good summary and relevant Good summary and relevant This article highlight the need to utilise ‘writers’ in product development as these individuals use their written communication skill to analyse and clarify product design and use. | Annotation 6: Use| Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use The example of writers in the production process will be used to demonstrate how important written communications skills are in every aspect of the busniess precess including product development. Genre – edited book Excellent Harvard UWS style Genre – edited book Excellent Harvard UWS style Reference 7: Chapter in an Edited Book (Scholarly)| Forey, G amp; Lockwood-Lee, J (eds) 2010, Globalization, communication and the workpla ce: talking across the world, Continuum Logo, London; New York. | Annotation 7: Summary| Adequate summary and relevant Adequate summary and relevant This scholarly edited book explores the need for good English language communication skills in the services sectors of the healthcare, insurance, banking and media industries. | Poor – more specific data neededPoor – more specific data needed Annotation 7: Use| The fourth chapter on communication skills will be useful to highlight the problems employers are facing and the need for better written communication skills. | Reference 8: Journal Article (Scholarly)| Genre – journal article Very good Harvard UWS style only the database OR the url is need NOT both Genre – journal article Very good Harvard UWS style only the database OR the url is need NOT both Wardrope WJ 2002, ‘Department Chairs’ perceptions of the importance of business communications skills’, Business Communications Quarterly , vol. 65, no. , pp. 60-72, viewed 15 February 2011, Academic OneFile database, lt;http://find. galegroup. com/gtx/retrieve. do? resultListType=RESULT_LISTamp;contentSet=IAC-Documentsamp;qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28JN%2CNone%2C34%29%22Business+Communication+Quarterly%22%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28D A%2CNone%2C8%2920021201%24amp;inPS=trueamp;sort=DateDescendamp;tabID=T002amp;prodId=AONEamp;searchId=R1amp;retrieveFormat=PDFamp;currentPosition=5amp;userGroupName=uwsydneyamp;docLevel=amp;docId=A96134828amp;noOfPages=13gt;. | Annotation 8: Summary| Good summary and relevant Good summary and relevantThis scholarly journal article investigated the importance of business communication skills in the academic setting and found that writing skills were more valued than generic business communication skills. | Annotation 8: Use| Identifies specific data and use Identifies specific data and use The discussion on relative importance of interpersonal communication, verbal communication, and cul tural literacy will be used for my counter argument and the information on written communication will be used for my supporting argument. | Workshop Activity 1: Annotated Reference List Compile an annotated reference list (45 minutes)Working in groups, use the workshop readings to create an annotated reference list. Each reference should include the bibliographic details (the citation) and a brief two-part annotation summarising the relevant content and identifying specific information within the text and highlighting how it would be used to address the assessment question. Each annotation should be no more than 60 words for both parts. Workshop question:Evaluate the need for business ethics in a global economy. - The workshop question shown above is NOT the actual assessment question.Please see the ‘Assessments’ link for further details. Annotated Reference List Insert YOUR response in the boxes below: Reference 1: Internet (Non-scholarly)| - - | Annotation 1: Summary| - - - | Annotation 1: Use| - - - |Reference 2: Newspaper Article (Non-scholarly)| - - - | Annotation 2: Summary| - - - | Annotation 2: Use| - - | Reference 3: Trade Journal / Industry Magazine (Non-scholarly)| - - - | Annotation 3: Summary| - - - - - | Annotation 3: Use| - - - - | Reference 4: Industry / Government Website (scholarly)| - - - - | Annotation 4: Summary| - - - - | Annotation 4: Use| - - - - - | Reference 5: University / Research Centre (Scholarly)| - - - - |Annotation 5: Summary| - - - - - | Annotation 5: Use| - - - - - | Reference 6: Scholarly Magazine (Quasi-scholarly)| -